MSc Wojciech Wilczyński

@article{WILCZYNSKI2025118366b,

title = {Chronic toxicity of triphenylarsine to Danio rerio},

author = {Wojciech Wilczynski and Tomasz Brzeziński and Jakub Nawała and Daniel Dziedzic and Stanisław Popiel and Marcin Lukasz Zebrowski and Michał Czub and Jacek Bełdowski and Monika Radlinska},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765132500702X},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118366},

issn = {0147-6513},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},

volume = {299},

pages = {118366},

abstract = {Triphenylarsine (TPA) is a persistent organoarsenical that has emerged as a major environmental concern due to the extensive marine disposal of chemical munitions throughout the 20th century. The waterborne toxicity of TPA in aquatic organisms remains poorly understood, with limited and often inconclusive data, and its chronic effects are entirely unexplored. To address this gap, a 28-day exposure study was conducted, focusing on assessing the long-term toxicity of TPA in the model fish species Danio rerio. The results indicate that chronic exposure to trace concentrations of TPA significantly reduces body length, weight, and growth rate in fish. Furthermore, TPA and its primary degradation product, triphenylarsine oxide (TPAO), accumulate in the muscle tissues of fish. The accumulation rates are 0.61 μg × g⁻¹ (dry weight) for TPA and 9.1 μg × g⁻¹ (dry weight) for TPAO, for every microgram of TPA per litre of water over 28 days of exposure. Additionally, chronic exposure induced oxidative stress in the gills, as evidenced by altered mRNA expression and elevated enzymatic activity of detoxification-related proteins. Therefore, TPA exposure represents a significant threat to fish. This compound should be recognized as a high-priority environmental contaminant, and its concentrations should be routinely monitored in bottom waters, particularly near chemical munitions dumping sites. Expanding research to predict and assess the toxicity of other persistent organoarsenicals co-disposed with TPA is essential for understanding their cumulative ecological and health impacts.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{WILCZYNSKI2024143478b,

title = {Multi-biomarker assessment of chronic toxicity induced by the chemical warfare agent adamsite in Danio rerio},

author = {Wojciech Wilczynski and Monika Radlinska and Marcin Lukasz Zebrowski and Jakub Nawała and Daniel Dziedzic and Michał Czub and Piotr Maszczyk and Jacek Bełdowski and Stanisław Popiel and Tomasz Brzeziński},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653524023786},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143478},

issn = {0045-6535},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Chemosphere},

volume = {366},

pages = {143478},

abstract = {Several hundred thousand tons of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) were disposed of at sea, leading to environmental contamination. Among the most toxic and persistent CWAs is adamsite; however, the ecotoxicological data on this compound is limited. Presented research focuses on the long-term effects of adamsite on fish. A 28-day exposure study was conducted, evaluating the impact of adamsite on life history parameters (body length, body mass, growth rate), tissue accumulation, and the expression/activity of detoxification-related enzymes in the model fish species, Danio rerio. Results indicate that chronic adamsite exposure significantly reduces body length, weight, and growth rate of fish at trace concentrations (0.20 and 0.25 μg × L−1). Adamsite-related compounds accumulate in fish muscle tissues, increasing by approximately 4 μg per gram (dry weight) for every microgram of adamsite per litre of water during chronic exposure. The mRNA expression and activity of detoxification-related enzymes were elevated in the gills of fish, indicating oxidative stress. This study highlights the severe chronic toxicity of adamsite, which could not be anticipated based on acute toxicity. It underscores the need for comprehensive long-term toxicity assays for CWAs and emphasizes the potential ecological and health risks posed by adamsite, necessitating more stringent risk assessments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{WILCZYNSKI2023115116,

title = {Acute toxicity of organoarsenic chemical warfare agents to Danio rerio embryos},

author = {Wojciech Wilczynski and Tomasz Brzeziński and Piotr Maszczyk and Antoni Ludew and Michał J. Czub and Daniel Dziedzic and Jakub Nawala and Stanislaw Popiel and Jacek Beldowski and Hans Sanderson and Monika Radlinska},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323006206},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115116},

issn = {0147-6513},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety},

volume = {262},

pages = {115116},

abstract = {During the 20th century, thousands of tons of munitions containing organoarsenic chemical warfare agents (CWAs) were dumped into oceans, seas and inland waters around the world. As a result, organoarsenic CWAs continue to leak from corroding munitions into sediments and their environmental concentrations are expected to peak over the next few decades. There remains, however, a lack of knowledge about their potential toxicity to aquatic vertebrates, such as fish. The aim of this study was to fill in this gap in research, by investigating the acute toxicity of organoarsenic CWAs on fish embryos, using the model species, Danio rerio. To estimate the acute toxicity thresholds of organoarsenic CWAs (Clark I, Adamsite, PDCA), a CWA-related compound (TPA), as well as four organoarsenic CWA degradation products (Clark I[ox], Adamsite[ox], PDCA[ox], TPA[ox]), standardized tests were performed following the OECD no. 236 Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test guidelines. Additionally, the detoxification response in D. rerio embryos was investigated by analysing the mRNA expression of five genes encoding antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx, GR and GST). During the 96 h of exposure, organoarsenic CWAs induced lethal effects in D. rerio embryos at very low concentrations (classified as 1st category pollutants according to GHS categorization), and were therefore deemed to be serious environmental hazards. Although TPA and the four CWA degradation products caused no acute toxicity even at their maximum solubility, the transcription of antioxidant-related genes was altered upon exposure to these compounds, indicating the need for further testing for chronic toxicity. Incorporating the results of this study into ecological risk assessments will provide a more accurate prediction of the environmental hazards posed by CWA-related organoarsenicals.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Zebrowski2022,

title = {The effect of microplastics on the interspecific competition of Daphnia},

author = {Marcin Lukasz Zebrowski and Ewa Babkiewicz and Aleksandra Błażejewska and Szymon Pukos and Julia Wawrzeńczak and Wojciech Wilczynski and Jacek Zebrowski and Mirosław Ślusarczyk and Piotr Maszczyk},

doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120121},

issn = {0269-7491},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-11-00},

journal = {Environmental Pollution},

volume = {313},

publisher = {Elsevier BV},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{toxics10050206,

title = {Metagenomic Analysis of the Gastrointestinal Microbiota of Gadus morhua callarias L. Originating from a Chemical Munition Dump Site},

author = {Wojciech Wilczynski and Monika Radlinska and Klaus Wysujack and Michał Czub and Tomasz Brzeziński and Grzegorz Kowalczyk and Jacek Bełdowski and Pedro Nogueira and Piotr Maszczyk},

url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/5/206},

doi = {10.3390/toxics10050206},

issn = {2305-6304},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Toxics},

volume = {10},

number = {5},

abstract = {Several hundred thousand tonnes of munitions containing chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are lying on the seafloor worldwide. CWAs have started leaking from corroded munitions, and their presence in the environment and in organisms inhabiting dump sites has been detected. The presence of CWAs in the water negatively affects fish, macrobenthos and free-living bacteria. It can be expected that the presence of CWAs would also affect the gut-associated bacteria in fish, which are vital for their condition. The main aim of this study was to test if the microbiota of cod collected in the Baltic Bornholm Deep (highly polluted with CWAs) is dysregulated. To investigate this, we conducted metagenomic studies based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that the microbiota of cod inhabiting the dump site was significantly less taxonomically diverse compared to those from a non-polluted reference site. Moreover, taxa associated with fish diseases (e.g., Vibrionaceae, Aeromonadaceae) were more prevalent, and probiotic taxa (e.g., Actinobacteriota, Rhodobacteraceae) were less frequent in the guts of individuals from the dump site, than those from the reference site. The differences in vulnerability of various bacterial taxa inhabiting cod gastrointestinal tracts to CWAs were hypothesised to be responsible for the observed microbiota dysregulation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Maszczyk2019,

title = {Combined effects of elevated epilimnetic temperature and metalimnetic hypoxia on the predation rate of planktivorous fish},

author = {Piotr Maszczyk and Ewa Babkiewicz and Krzysztof Ciszewski and Kamil Dabrowski and Przemysław Dynak and Karol Krajewski and Paulina Urban and Marcin Żebrowski and Wojciech Wilczynski},

doi = {10.1093/plankt/fbz048},

issn = {1464-3774},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-09-27},

volume = {41},

number = {5},

pages = {709--722},

publisher = {Oxford University Press (OUP)},

abstract = {AbstractIncreased temperature in the epilimnion and hypoxia in the metalimnion of a lake would result in an increase of positive-size-selective fish predation on zooplankton and in turn in a decrease of mean body size in zooplankton populations and communities. We tested this hypothesis in four types of experiments with juvenile rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) foraging on Daphnia longispina in an indoor twin column tank system. In each experiment of the first three types, one column contained one of three types of experimental treatments differing from the control treatment (in the other column) by the following: (i) elevated temperature in the epilimnion, (ii) hypoxia in the metalimnion and (iii) simultaneous elevated temperature in the epilimnion and hypoxia in the metalimnion. In the fourth type of experiment, the gradients of temperature and oxygen concentration in both columns were the same, but prior to the experiments, Daphnia and fish in the control treatment were acclimated to normoxia and, in the experimental treatment, to hypoxia. The results confirmed our hypothesis, since the predation rate of fish was greater in each of the first three experimental treatments than in the control. We did not detect an effect of the acclimation to hypoxia on the predation rate of the fish.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}